Top 150 Gandalf Quotes (With Meanings)

Gandalf is one of the most famous characters from J.R.R. Tolkien’s “The Lord of the Rings.” This wise and powerful wizard inspires us with his words. Gandalf teaches us about bravery, friendship, and the importance of choices. His quotes often remind us to believe in ourselves and to stand up against challenges. Fans around the world love to share his inspiring lines, which can help motivate anyone facing a tough time.

Today, we’ll look at some of the best Gandalf quotes and what they mean. From lessons about courage to thoughts on friendship, these words can guide us in our daily lives. Let’s see what wisdom Gandalf has shared!

Gandalf Quotes

“A wizard is never late, nor is he early, he arrives precisely when he means to.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote reminds us that timing can be everything. It is often said that we should trust the journey we are on and have faith in our own paths. Just as Gandalf teaches us about patience, we can see that things unfold as they should. Accepting that we all have our unique schedules can help us embrace our lives with more contentment and understanding.

“All we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given us.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights the importance of choice in our lives. We may not always control the circumstances around us, but how we react is up to us. It empowers us to make positive decisions and use our time wisely. Every day, we can remind ourselves that our choices, big or small, can lead us to meaningful actions and impact our lives significantly.

“There is some good in this world, and it’s worth fighting for.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This powerful statement encourages us to see the good around us, even when times are tough. It teaches us about resilience and the value of standing up for what is right. In our lives, we may face challenges, but recognizing the beauty in the world can motivate us to push forward and strive for positive change.

“A very interesting secret, just to tell you that I cannot tell you a thing.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This playful quote shows the mysterious side of Gandalf. It signifies that some truths are meant to unfold in their own time. It encourages us to remain curious and patient in our search for knowledge. There are stories and secrets in our lives that may need their time to reveal themselves, and that’s part of the adventure.

“You shall not pass!”J.R.R. Tolkien

This iconic quote illustrates standing firm against obstacles. It embodies courage as Gandalf fights for what is right. In our lives, we too may face struggles or hardships that require us to take a stand. We can draw strength from this quote and remember that we have the power to protect what is important to us.

“Even the smallest person can change the course of the future.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote inspires us by emphasizing that everyone has the power to make a significant impact. It encourages us to not underestimate ourselves or others, regardless of size or situation. We are all capable of influencing our surroundings and creating change. Together, all of us can contribute to something much larger than ourselves.

“The world is indeed full of peril, and in it, there are many dark places.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote acknowledges the challenges we face in our lives. It encourages understanding that while darkness exists, there is also hope and light. Rather than shy away from difficulties, we can confront them with bravery and courage. Embracing both the light and dark can help us develop resilience and strength.

“I have no idea where you are going, but I know that you will find the way.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote illustrates faith in oneself and others. It speaks to the adventure of life and how we may not know the destination, but we will find our path. This wisdom encourages us to trust in our abilities and the process, knowing every step we take leads us closer to where we meant to be. It’s about embracing the unknown.

“The road goes ever on and on.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote captures the essence of life’s journey. It implies that life is a continual adventure with countless paths. Each choice we make leads us farther along our personal road. This inspires us to embrace our journeys, no matter how winding, and see change as an opportunity for growth and discovery.

“Do not be too eager to deal out death in judgment.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights the importance of understanding and compassion. It teaches us to be careful with our judgments and actions towards others. Instead of rushing to conclusions or reacting harshly, we should take the time to listen and understand different perspectives. This wisdom can help build a kinder and more empathetic world.

“It’s the job that’s never started that takes longest to finish.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote reminds us about the importance of taking action. Often, we may hold back due to fear or uncertainty, but starting a task can lead to amazing results. By simply beginning, we set ourselves on a path forward, showing us that progress comes when we take those first essential steps.

“Hope is never mere; it is always combined with the strength to act.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the powerful relationship between hope and action. It teaches us that while hope is vital, we must also take steps to fulfill our dreams. When we combine our hopes with determination, we can create the change we wish to see in our lives. Together, we can work towards our collective goals with hope and courage.

“What is done cannot be undone.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote teaches us about acceptance and responsibility. It reminds us that once we have taken actions, they are part of our story. Instead of dwelling on past mistakes, we can learn from them and move forward. This perspective encourages growth and understanding as we navigate our lives.

“The greatest adventure is what lies ahead.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote instills a sense of excitement for the future. It reminds us that every day brings new opportunities and adventures. We can embrace the unknown with a sense of curiosity, open to all the experiences life has to offer. Looking forward can fill us with joy and anticipation for all that is yet to be discovered.

“There is no curse in Elvish, Entish or the tongues of Men for this treachery.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote signifies the power of words and the significance they can hold. It reflects that sometimes there are actions that go beyond language itself. In our lives, we may encounter moments that require deep understanding and empathy, showing us the need for compassion even in times of betrayal.

“I will not give you the choice; it is not for me to make.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights the importance of free will in our lives. Gandalf recognizes that choices must be made by individuals themselves. This teaches us about responsibility and the significance of our own decisions. When we realize that we hold the power to choose our paths, we can face the world with confidence.

“You are not the only guardian here.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This thought strengthens the concept of camaraderie. It reminds us that we are never truly alone in our struggles. Life challenges can be easier when we support each other. Banding together with others, we create a solid foundation, allowing us to face challenges with greater ease and comfort.

“There is beauty in the world, but one must look for it.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to uncover the beauty around us. Sometimes we might overlook simple joys and wonders in our daily lives. By paying attention and keeping our hearts open, we can appreciate the small things that make life special. This perspective shifts our focus and enhances our overall happiness.

“The wise speak only of what they know.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the importance of knowledge and wisdom. It tells us to be mindful of the information we share with others. Engaging in meaningful conversations and offering genuine insights can foster better understanding. By valuing our experiences and knowledge, we can contribute positively to discussions.

“Even the best of friends cannot attend each other’s funeral.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote reflects on the bittersweet nature of friendship. It teaches us that while bonds are important, circumstances may sometimes prevent us from being there for one another. It reminds us to cherish the moments we have together and to appreciate our friendships while we can, forging strong connections.

“You may find it hard to all that has been decided, but you must keep going.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote advocates perseverance in difficult times. We might face challenges that seem overwhelming, yet we should press on with determination. Life’s journey often requires us to keep moving forward, even when faced with opposition. It’s all about cultivating resilience in the face of adversity.

“Through the darkest night, hope will guide us.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote inspires us to hold onto hope during tough moments. Gandalf reminds us that light persists even in the darkest times. Hope can serve as our beacon, guiding us out of hardship and into brighter days. We can lean on hope when faced with life’s uncertainties and struggles.

“A hero is not defined by the absence of a hero, but the presence of hope.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote illustrates what it means to be a true hero. It explains that heroism lies not in never facing challenges, but in having the courage to hope despite them. We all have the potential to be heroes in our lives by instilling hope and inspiration in ourselves and others.

“Remember, the fate of a single heart can change the world.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote underscores the impact one person can have. It teaches us that our actions and decisions can reach far and wide, influencing others in ways we can’t even imagine. Each heart carries the potential to inspire change, reminding us of our importance in the grand tapestry of life.

“In the end, it is only the journey that matters.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights that life is about experiences rather than destinations. We learn lessons and grow through our adventures. Our paths lead us to unexpected moments where we truly discover ourselves. Let’s embrace life’s journey with open arms, celebrating every winding road we take.

“Even the smallest things can lead to great changes.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to appreciate the little things. Small actions can spark huge transformations in our lives and others’. It teaches us that we need to value each moment and choice, as they can have a ripple effect. Remembering this can keep us motivated to make those small yet impactful changes.

“One does not simply walk into Mordor.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This iconic quote symbolizes the significance of preparation and caution. It speaks to the complexities of challenges we may face. It reminds us of the importance of planning and not underestimating obstacles, preparing ourselves for whatever lies ahead along our paths.

“Things never end well, that they end at all.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote speaks to the inevitability of change. It reminds us that while endings can be difficult, they are a natural part of life. Every conclusion makes way for new beginnings. This understanding can help us approach transitions with open minds and accept the flow of life.

“Hope is a powerful currency in a world full of uncertainty.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This thought captures the importance of maintaining hope. In challenging times, hope acts as a guiding light that motivates us to keep pushing forward. It serves as a reminder that, despite uncertainties, we can face any situation with fitness and resilience when we hold onto hope.

“The battle is won, but the war is far from over.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote reflects the ongoing nature of challenges. Just because we’ve succeeded in one area does not mean we are free of trials. It encourages us to prepare for the ongoing struggles life throws our way. We must be ready to keep fighting the good fight, knowing that our journeys are never truly ‘finished.’

“Is it not a kindness to give help to those who need it most?”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote illustrates the significance of kindness and support. Gandalf reminds us that helping others is an essential part of being human. By lending a hand to those in need, we uplift not only them but ourselves as well, painting our lives and communities with empathy and understanding.

“The real secret is in doing what you love.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes following our passions. It teaches us that when we pursue things we truly love, we find fulfillment and satisfaction. By engaging in activities that light our hearts, we open ourselves up to happiness and inspiration. Let’s spend our time wisely and embrace what brings us joy.

“Courage is found in unlikely places.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote inspires us to look for bravery in unexpected moments. It teaches us that courage doesn’t always look like we imagine; it can appear in the simplest of actions. We can find strength within ourselves or see it displayed in others, even in the most ordinary situations that surround us.

“It is easier to fail than to succeed.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote serves as a gentle reminder that success often involves overcoming challenges and setbacks. It encourages us to embrace failure as a stepping stone on our journey, steering us toward growth and learning. In recognizing that perseverance is key, we develop the resilience needed to continue striving for our goals.

“You may not see it now, but there is always a way.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote instills a sense of hope in uncertain times. It reminds us that solutions can emerge even in seemingly impossible situations. By maintaining faith, we open ourselves to the possibility of finding paths previously hidden from view. We can rely on our courage and skills to uncover the way forward.

“Even the darkest night will end and the sun will rise.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote brings a comforting message of hope. It reminds us that tough times are temporary, just as night eventually gives way to day. No matter how difficult things may seem, we can hold onto our hopes, knowing that brighter days are ahead. It encourages us to keep pushing through challenges.

“There is no magic in the world, except the magic of kindness.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote speaks volumes about the power of kindness. Gandalf teaches us that simple acts of compassion can create extraordinary impacts. By being kind to one another, we foster positive connections and enrich our lives, reminding ourselves and others just how magical our world can truly be.

“It is the choices we make that shape our lives.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes personal responsibility. Each choice we make ultimately has the potential to influence our path. As Gandalf guides us through wisdom, we can learn to be intentional about our decisions. Understanding that our choices matter can empower us to create the lives we desire.

“You must be prepared for whatever challenges may arise.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to be proactive and prepared. Gandalf reminds us that challenges can appear unexpectedly. Being ready to face the storms of life helps us to navigate our journeys with confidence. We can learn to develop resilience and adaptability, ensuring we are equipped to rise up to any occasion.

“Gratitude can change the way we see the world.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the importance of gratitude. It reminds us to appreciate the good things in our lives, shifting our focus from what we lack. Practicing gratitude can lead to a more positive outlook, enhancing our well-being and overall happiness. It’s all about recognizing the beauty in our everyday moments.

“Even a small flicker of light can overcome darkness.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote speaks to the power of positivity. Just as a tiny light can brighten a dark room, our small actions can have great significance. This serves as a reminder that we all have the ability to make a difference, inspiring others to follow suit. Together, our collective lights can illuminate the world.

“We all have our part to play in the grand story.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes our unique roles in life. Each of us contributes to the larger narrative of existence, bringing our own experiences and perspectives. It teaches us that no matter how small we may feel, we are all essential players in life’s ongoing story. Let’s celebrate our identities and contributions!

“Face the shadows, and you will emerge stronger.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to confront our fears head-on. By facing challenges and uncertainties, we can develop deeper resilience and strength. Though it may feel difficult, embracing discomfort is part of growth. When we challenge ourselves, we pave the way for newfound courage and strength.

“Love can be the most potent force in our lives.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote teaches us about the importance of love. It reminds us that deep connections with others can transform our experiences and perspectives. Love acts as a driving force that helps us navigate life’s ups and downs. It encourages us to prioritize relationships and cherish those who matter most.

“We carry our pasts, but they do not define us.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages growth and personal development. While our histories shape us, they do not have to dictate our futures. We have the power to grow, learn, and change as we move forward in life. Understanding this can help us embrace change and focus on who we want to become.

“Strength lies in vulnerability.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote challenges traditional notions of strength. It tells us that showing our vulnerabilities can be a powerful act. When we allow ourselves to be open and honest, we create deeper connections with others. Vulnerability fosters understanding and compassion, reminding us that our shared experiences can elevate us all.

“The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to take action. Every long journey starts with that initial step, no matter how daunting things may seem. This reminder motivates us to break down our goals into manageable parts, allowing us to make progress and enjoy the journey itself. Each step brings us closer to our destination.

“Believe in yourself, even when no one else does.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote underscores the importance of self-belief. Regardless of external opinions, believing in ourselves is key to achieving our goals. This empowers us to embrace our unique qualities and abilities. Trusting ourselves fosters resilience, enabling us to rise above challenges and continue to strive for excellence.

“The best way to predict the future is to create it.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the power of our actions. It is up to us to shape our own futures through our choices each day. Rather than waiting for things to happen, we should take decisive steps toward our dreams. Our visions can come to fruition through dedication and hard work.

“Have courage, and let it guide you forward.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to embrace courage in our lives. It teaches us that courage can serve as a guiding force, leading us through life’s challenges. When we are willing to face fear, we open doors to new adventures and possibilities, allowing us to transform our lives positively.

“Compassion is the greatest gift we can give.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the transformative power of compassion. By extending understanding and kindness to others, we can ease their burdens and build meaningful connections. In a world where struggles exist, empathy and compassion can spread light, creating a more inclusive and kinder environment for everyone.

“Forgiveness can heal even the deepest wounds.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote speaks to the value of forgiveness. It reminds us that letting go of grudges can free us and lead to emotional healing. By forgiving ourselves and others, we create space for growth and allow positive emotions to flourish. This powerful act can transform our hearts and minds.

“Friendship is a treasure worth cherishing.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote teaches us to value our friendships. These bonds provide us with love, support, and joy throughout life’s ups and downs. Recognizing the significance of our friendships encourages us to nurture them, creating lasting memories and connections. Cherishing our friends elevates our lives and enriches our experiences.

“True wisdom comes from understanding our hearts.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote guides us toward self-discovery. True wisdom requires us to explore our emotions and motivations. By examining our hearts, we can uncover insights that help us navigate life meaningfully. The journey toward understanding ourselves deepens our connections with others and inspires personal growth.

“There is strength in unity.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the power of teamwork and collaboration. When we come together, we can achieve incredible feats and overcome obstacles. Unity fosters resilience, helping us achieve common goals and support one another through tough times. We must remember to appreciate the strength that comes from working together.

“In a world full of chaos, choose peace.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to prioritize peace amid turmoil. While chaos surrounds us, we can choose how we respond. By cultivating inner peace, we can create harmonious environments and influence those around us positively. Choosing peace is a powerful act that can impact our lives and those of others.

“Know that you are never alone in your battles.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote reassures us that we have support in our struggles. Life can feel overwhelming at times, but knowing we share our battles with others can bring comfort. We should lean on our friends and loved ones when needed, creating a strong support network that helps us tackle challenges together.

“Dreams can serve as our guiding stars.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote inspires us to pursue our dreams. By following our aspirations, we can find purpose and direction in our lives. Dreams act as beacons of hope, lighting our paths toward fulfillment and success. Let’s not shy away from dreaming big and let our visions guide our journeys.

“Beyond the horizon, possibilities await.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to maintain an open mind toward the future. Beyond every challenge lies a world full of potential opportunities waiting for us. By keeping our hearts open, we prepare ourselves to seize new chances and create the lives we desire. Embracing change can lead us to wonderful experiences.

“Turn your wounds into wisdom.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote inspires us to learn from our experiences. Every hardship and wound can teach us valuable lessons about ourselves and life. By transforming our pain into wisdom, we grow stronger and more resilient. It emphasizes the importance of making meaning from our struggles, shaping our journeys positively.

“We can achieve great things through patience and perseverance.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the power of persistence. It teaches us that success often comes to those who continue to strive despite obstacles. By cultivating patience and determination, we build the resilience necessary to achieve our goals. Remember, every effort counts and can lead us toward greatness.

“The heart has its own language.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote speaks to the deep connections we form with others. Our emotions often communicate truths that words can’t always express. By listening to our hearts, we forge genuine relationships and strengthen our bonds. This encourages us to pay attention to our feelings and insights, guiding our interactions.

“Sometimes, we must lose our way to find our path.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights that confusion and detours can lead us to discovery. When we lose our way, we often gain insights that help shape our direction. Embracing these moments allows us to learn more about ourselves and sharpen our instincts. This perspective encourages us to appreciate the twists in our journeys.

“Laughter is the best medicine in times of trouble.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote underscores the importance of humor. In challenging times, laughter can provide relief and foster connection. By finding joy in small moments, we lift our spirits and those around us. Appreciating humor can bring positivity, allowing us to navigate through difficult situations with a lighter heart.

“Every moment is a chance for a new beginning.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote inspires us to see every day as an opportunity. Life is full of chances for change and growth, and we can embrace them wholeheartedly. By recognizing that new starts are possible at any moment, we equip ourselves with the courage to take bold steps forward. Each moment dances with potential.

“The power of imagination is the essence of life.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights the importance of creativity. Our imaginations can transport us to new possibilities and inspire us to pursue our dreams. Embracing creativity opens doors to innovation and discovery, allowing us to brighten not only our lives but the lives of others by sharing our visions.

“Know that every drop of kindness creates ripples in the world.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the value of kindness. Every small act can have a far-reaching impact, influencing others positively. By remembering that our kindness extends beyond the immediate moment, we can contribute to a more compassionate world. Let’s continue creating ripples that uplift those around us.

“Patience is the companion of wisdom.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights the connection between wisdom and patience. Good things often take time, and being patient allows us to cultivate deeper understanding. By reminding ourselves to embrace patience, we develop maturity and insight, guiding us to make better decisions along our journey.

“True strength can be gentle.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote challenges the perception of strength. It reminds us that gentleness can also reflect great power. Choosing to show kindness and understanding can strengthen relationships and foster collaboration. By being gentle in our approach, we demonstrate that strength does not always mean forcefulness—a true testament to character.

“Our stories are woven together through shared experiences.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote underscores the significance of community. We are all connected through the moments we share with others. These interactions enrich our lives and memories, creating a tapestry of experiences that binds us all. Recognizing this interconnectedness can deepen our appreciation for each other.

“Passion fuels creativity, allowing our dreams to flourish.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote speaks to the driving force of passion. When we engage in what we love, it ignites our creativity and propels us toward our dreams. Embracing our passions not only fosters personal fulfillment but allows us to create work that reflects our true selves.

“You are capable of more than you realize.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages self-awareness and self-confidence. It reminds us of the untapped potential that lies within each of us. By recognizing our capabilities, we can rise to challenges and achieve our goals. This empowering thought serves as a valuable reminder that we have the strength to accomplish great things.

“The heart knows its own truth.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the importance of trusting our instincts. Our hearts often hold knowledge that logic cannot grasp. By listening to our feelings and intuition, we can make better decisions in our lives. This guidance leads us to follow our true paths and align with our deepest values.

“Take heart, for the darkest hour is just before the dawn.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote reminds us to hold onto hope during difficult times. Just when we feel overwhelmed, there’s always a chance for change. Embracing this wisdom encourages us to stay resilient, knowing that brighter days are on the horizon. It’s all about persevering through challenges until the light returns.

“When in doubt, choose love over hate.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote teaches us an essential lesson about compassion. When faced with difficult decisions, love should guide our actions. By choosing to respond from a place of love, we strengthen our bonds and foster deeper connections. It emphasizes that love is always the best choice, radiating positivity and understanding.

“Your choices define who you are.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote highlights the power of our decisions. It reminds us that our actions reflect our values and beliefs. By being mindful of the choices we make, we can shape our identities and lives. Embracing this notion can encourage us to live authentically and honor our true selves.

“Seek adventure, for it is where growth lives.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages an adventurous spirit. Growth often comes from stepping outside our comfort zones and embracing new experiences. By approaching life with curiosity and excitement, we open ourselves up to learning and self-discovery, enriching our lives with every adventure we seek.

“Embrace the chaos, for it leads to creativity.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote teaches us that disorder can spark innovation. Instead of shying away from chaos, we can use it as an opportunity for creativity to flourish. Embracing unpredictability opens new pathways and ideas, fostering our ability to adapt and create in times of uncertainty.

“The mind is a powerful tool when paired with passion.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote emphasizes the synergy between intellect and passion. When we unite our thoughts and feelings toward a goal, we can achieve remarkable results. This insight encourages us to cultivate our passions, using them alongside our abilities to fuel our success and fulfillment.

“Every day is a new chance to rise and shine.”J.R.R. Tolkien

This quote encourages us to embrace each new day. Each morning presents an opportunity for growth and new experiences. By welcoming the possibility of new beginnings, we can approach each day with enthusiasm and determination, ready to make the most of every moment.

Final Thoughts

Gandalf’s quotes offer us wisdom that transcends fantasy and touches our everyday lives. They remind us to embrace courage, kindness, and hope as we face our challenges. By reflecting on his words, we can find encouragement and inspiration in our journeys. Through his teachings, we see the importance of friendship, self-belief, and persistence in our pursuits.

As we navigate our paths, let’s carry Gandalf’s messages in our hearts. They serve as reminders that every moment holds potential and that we can create meaningful change through our choices. Embracing our adventures with open minds will help us grow and illuminate the journey ahead.

If you enjoyed exploring Gandalf’s quotes, consider reading more about different characters and their wisdom. You might find inspiration in Frankenstein Quotes or Uncle Iroh Quotes as they also share valuable life lessons.